Start with geography
The river stops being navigable here
The St Lawrence connects the Atlantic to the Great Lakes, which is a route deep into the middle of a continent. But upstream of Montreal the river drops through the Lachine Rapids, and before canals and locks, ocean-going vessels could go no further.
A break in transport is where a city grows. Cargo has to be unloaded, portaged and reloaded into smaller craft, which requires warehouses, labour, and merchants — and the people who own that transfer point capture a share of everything moving through it.
On the map
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Sources for this chapter
- UNESCO · Historic District of Old QuébecUNESCO World Heritage Centre · checked 2026-09-07
