Before you start

A National Insurance number
PAYE registration through your employer
A Government Gateway account, if you ever need Self Assessment
Records of foreign income and overseas accounts

Step-by-step

1
Check the tax code on your first payslip
PAYE deducts at source, so a wrong code means wrong deductions for months before anyone notices. Your code should not begin with an S — that is the Scottish prefix — or a C, which is the Welsh one. Both get applied in error by payroll teams run from elsewhere.
Via employerWho: YouFirst payslip
2
Model the company car before you accept it
In a city built on the motor industry, a company car or a car allowance is a normal part of an offer. A car provided for private use is a taxable benefit in kind, and the charge is a percentage of the list price set by the car's CO2 emissions — very low for a fully electric car and steep for a petrol or diesel one. The difference between two otherwise identical offers can be four figures a year, and it appears on your tax code rather than in the salary line.
Via employerWho: YouBefore accepting an offer
3
Learn the three English bands
A personal allowance, then Basic, Higher from £50,270 and Additional from £125,140. Three bands where Scotland has six, and a materially later Higher rate threshold. The thresholds have been frozen for several years, which quietly pulls more people into higher bands each year as wages rise.
OnlineWho: You
4
Understand the 60% trap above £100,000
The personal allowance is withdrawn by £1 for every £2 earned above £100,000, giving an effective marginal rate of about 60% between £100,000 and £125,140. Pension salary sacrifice is the standard response. It is the most consequential quirk in the English system and it is signposted nowhere.
OnlineWho: You
5
Check whether you actually need to file Self Assessment
Most employees never do — PAYE handles it. You must register if you are self-employed, have significant untaxed income, or meet one of HMRC's listed triggers. Online returns are due by 31 January following the 5 April year end.
OnlineWho: You
6
Settle your residence position in year one
The Statutory Residence Test determines UK tax residence from days present and connecting factors. The UK abolished the old non-domiciled regime and replaced it with a residence-based system, and the transitional rules are genuinely complex. Take advice in the first year if you have foreign income or assets.
In personWho: You

Documents you’ll need

National Insurance number
P60 — the annual summary from your employer
P45, if you change employer during the year
P11D, if you receive benefits in kind such as a company car
Government Gateway credentials, for Self Assessment

Things most newcomers don’t know

In a motor-industry city, the company car is a tax decision, not a perk.

A car available for private use is taxed as a benefit in kind at a percentage of its list price driven by CO2 emissions, so an electric car and a comparable petrol one can differ by thousands of pounds a year in tax. Coventry is full of employers who offer one. Run the numbers on GOV.UK before you say yes, and compare against a cash allowance.

Source: GOV.UK — tax on company benefits

The 60% band between £100,000 and £125,140 is the biggest hidden rate in the system.

The personal allowance is withdrawn at £1 for every £2 above £100,000, so each extra pound in that range is taxed at the 40% headline rate plus the lost allowance — around 60% in effect. A rise from £99,000 to £110,000 delivers far less than it looks like. Model it before accepting an offer in that range, and look at salary sacrifice.

Source: GOV.UK — income tax rates and personal allowances

Frozen thresholds are a tax rise nobody voted for.

The personal allowance and the higher-rate threshold have been held flat for several years while wages rose, so each year more people cross into higher bands without any rate changing. The mechanism is called fiscal drag, and it is why your take-home percentage slips slightly each April even without a promotion.

Source: HMRC

The tax year runs 6 April to 5 April, which catches everyone once.

Almost no other country uses these dates. It decides which year your arrival income falls into, when your P60 arrives, and when Self Assessment is due. Newcomers routinely reckon against a calendar year and get their first filing wrong.

Source: HMRC

Common mistakes to avoid

Not checking the PAYE code on the first payslip, especially for a stray Scottish S or Welsh C prefix.
Accepting a company car without modelling the benefit-in-kind charge against a cash allowance.
Accepting a salary between £100,000 and £125,140 without modelling the 60% effective band.
Counting the tax year as January to December rather than 6 April to 5 April.
Ignoring National Insurance when estimating take-home pay.

Some of this may be out of date. Spotted something inaccurate? Help us keep it right for the next newcomer.